Saturday, March 23, 2013

Galilee Day 3 and 4


3/18/13
            It was a full day today.  We went to a total of six locations.  Our first stop of the day was at the Gadot Lookout, where we discussed some more modern history.  Next we travelled through the Huleh Basin stopping at Hazor and hiking around tell Dan.  Then we moved on to Caesarea Philippi to do a little more hiking.  Finally we ascended in elevation on our way up to a volcano, Birkat Ram, and further up to Har Ben Tal. 
The Gadot Lookout was an unexpected start to the day.  It used to be an Syrian military base and was subsequently taken by Israel in 1967.  There were fence posts that lined either side of the narrow road with signs that warn of the multitude of remaining land mines.  Dr. Wright told us a little bit about the sites strategic importance and pointed out some geographical landmarks.  Then he told us a fun little story about an Israeli spy who complained about the heat of the sun and requested to build trees near the Syrian bunkers to provide shade.  When his commander gave in and the trees sprouted up, the spy told the Israeli military to aim their artillery for the trees.  It’s sort of a rumored tale though, so there is no telling whether it really happened or not.  It is, however, interesting how many of the bunkers on the site were stationed right beneath trees.   After story time we got to climb around inside of the bunkers.  That was fun.
            Hazor was huge.  There wasn’t a whole lot to look at that was excavated, but the tell itself was massive.  I was very interested to hear about the caches of texts found at other international sites and how there is a fairly certain expectation that Hazor will yield a similar early archive for the first time in the land of Canaan.  It seems odd to think that when the text archive at Hazor is found it will be more significant than the finds at Qumran as Dr. Wright suggested.  It was also interesting to see basalt (volcanic rock) that was cracked because of burning (cooled lava being hot enough to crack! Imagine that!).  In the lecture Dr. Wright discussed the destruction layer found here at Hazor and how it fits so well with a late date of the Exodus.  I have only read about the issues of the early and late dating of Exodus in general, but this really piques my interest.  If this is the correct interpretation then that would put the Exodus after the Amarna period.  It makes me think of Jan Assman’s book Moses the Egyptian.  I still don’t buy into his ideas, but it reminds me of what he suggested. 
            Tell Dan was such a rich and interesting site.  There was a great nature hike around the area.  All throughout the area we could hear the sound of water rushing into the Jordan river.  It was tumultuous yet peaceful at the same time.  The Ancient Israel section of the tell was huge, especially the gate.  The Middle Bronze Canaanite mudbrick arched gate was so unique.  I was able to see the Canaanite gate at Ashkelon but it wasn’t nearly as well preserved as this one was. 
            Caesarea Philippi was great.  It was fun to climb up to the niches and take pictures.  The cave and foundation for the Greco-Roman religious center to the deity Pan was massive.  It was nearby that Jesus spoke to Peter saying, “upon this rock I will build my church” (Matt 16:18).  It was a strange juxtaposition thinking of Jesus’ words and the religious center devoted to worshiping Pan.  Afterwards we had a really nice hike around the area. 
            Then we went to Birkat Ram and got to hang out on a volcano!  How cool is that!? I couldn’t help but wonder if it would randomly erupt.  It was colder than I thought it would be so close to a volcano.  We also stopped at a demilitarized base, known as Har Ben Tal, that looks out into Syria.  I was reminded of the tragic violence still taking place in the country.  It was, however, interesting to reflect upon the history of the land of Israel coming into contact with the Assyrian Empire in antiquity and how vital this geographic location was then and how it still is today, despite the shift in the technology of warfare.  We also got to run around in the tunnels the military base with a flashlight and peek out of the bunkers facing the Israeli/Syrian border. 

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3/19/13
            This trip has gone by so fast.  On this last day we started out by driving to the nearby En Gev Harbor to take a boat out onto the Sea of Galilee!  It was a great surprise.  Afterwards we went to Kursi, which is the most likely spot for the story of the Gospel of Mark chapter five.  Next we went to Capernaum, a site I had been looking forward to from the start, and the nearby Tabgha area.  Finally, we ended the day at the cliffs of Arbel, overlooking much of the Galilee area and the locations we had traveled to throughout the trip.            
As we pulled up to the En Gev harbor early that morning, I began to imagine how nice it would be to get on a boat and sail around the Sea of Galilee.  Almost immediately after thinking this, I began to wonder whether or not something like that might be included in our fieldstudy, and shortly after my suspicion was verified.  It was a beautiful morning, having the entire body of water all to ourselves (without any water-skis or tourists boats blasting country gospel music).  When we got out into the sea a ways and turned off the engine, there was a moment of silence that felt almost like travelling back in time.  It was quite a unique experience and I was very glad to have class there as well. 
            When we arrived at Kursi, the location that best preserves the memory of the events of Mark 5 and the location known in the New Testament as Gergesa, there didn’t seem to be much there.  Sometimes being at these locations that appear in the Bible really helps to adjust one’s concept of the material culture and the overall physical setting, thus forcing you to deal with the reality of the event as opposed to an artists’ rendition or pure imagination.  It was nice to see how the city and the steep hill fit together along with the sea. 
            Then we went to Capernaum, where the huge spaceship looking observatory hangs over the archaeological remains of the traditional spot of St. Peter’s house.  I was really excited to see the spot because there are so many events in Jesus’ ministry that take place in Capernaum, but the overall focus of the site seemed to be around St. Peter’s house and the remains of  4th or 5th century synagogue nearby.  I thought it was really interesting how the synagogue was built on top of the black basalt foundation of an earlier synagogue, probably dating to the time of the New Testament.  The distinction between the earlier and the later synagogue foundation was very obvious.  That was a good connecting point between the physical remains at Capernaum and Jesus.  Peter’s house was interesting to look at, but it was clearly set up for pilgrimage/tourism, which can often be distracting.  Tabgha also remembered many events from the Gospels, and that was a nice little spot to reflect on the ministry and miracles of Christ.
The last stop was at the Cliffs of Arbel.  It was a really fun place to review what we learned and climb into some interesting caves.  The climb down was so much more adventurous than I anticipated.  At one point we were climbing down a very steep face of the cliff without guard rails.  The footing of that part was so narrow and the descent so steep, but there were cords and small handles firmly rooted into the rocks that we could use to safely move along.  Jason and I climbed up to several caves that required a lot of rock climbing and difficult positioning.  I wasn’t so sure about climbing up to some of the caves, but somehow we didn’t break any bones or take any nasty falls so it worked out alright.  It was quite an adventurous afternoon and when it was time to finally climb down and descend, the atmosphere was that of the agricultural lifestyle, as cows and horses grazed the side of the fertile green hills.  

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